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EAELT SETTLERS OF THE SITE OF HAVRE DE GRACE. 213 

Loton "). From the County Court Proceedings, Liber G. l^o. 
I, ]^ovember Court, 1695 (folio 540) we quote the following: 
" Bj his Excellency the Governor and Council, October 7th, 
1695 : came and appeared in council Jacob Young and William 
York living upon Susquehanna Eiver and it being proposed to 
them in council the keeping a ferry and ordinary upon each 
side of the said river, William York on this side the river and 
Jacob Young on the other side, for which is settled upon them 
one shilling and sLx pence for the passage of horse and man and 
one shilling for a footman, to which they both agree, etc." The 
same year the Baltimore County Court grants license to William 
York to keep an ordinary on the south side Susquehanna River 
and the ferry also (same Liber, folio 391). In 1724 the ferry 
over Susquehanna River was granted to John Stokes {Balto. 
Co. Court Proeedings, Liber I. S. ^o. T. W. 4, folio 37). In 
1737 it was granted to Himiphrey Wells Stokes, who says in 
his petition : " the place where your petitioner purposes to keep 
it at being the old ancient place of ferrying and where the main 
road directly leads to and both nearer in riding and in ferrying 
across the river that your petitioner conceives it the most proper 
place " (Balto. Co. CouH Proceedings, Liber H. W. S. 'So. I. 
A. 2, folio 143). In the will of Colonel John Stokes, 1727, the 
testator leaves to his son George " all that,tract called Harmers 
Towne or commonly called the Ferry with the benefit of the 
resurvey thereon." (Humphrey Wells Stokes and George 
Stokes exchanged the lands left them in their father's will, 
George Stokes taking the lands on the bay which had fallen to 
his mother from her father Colonel Wells, and Humphrey Wells 
Stokes taking the lands at the mouth of Susquehanna River.) 
A little tract of 4l^ acres surveyed for Robert Stokes, son and 
heir of Humphrey Wells Stokes, in 1756, is described as adjoin- 
ing "Harmer's Town Resurveyed " "one mile above the mouth 
of Susquehanna River at the old ferry landing." (Unpatented 
Certificates E'o. 743; the tract is called "Howell's Deceit"). 
In 1759 a Land Commission was held to perpetuate the bounds 
of "Harmer's Town," which then was in the possession of 
2 






214 MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. 



Rebecca Stokes, widow of Robert Stokes and daughter of Col- 
onel William Young of Baltimore County (Balto. Co. Court 
Proceedings, Liber H. W. S. No. 4, folio 278 et seq.). The 
depositions taken before this Commission are interesting. The 
land is described as " situate and lying on Susquehannah 
Ferry " and is called " Stokes's or the Ferry land or Harman's 
Town." As settlements advanced up Susquehanna River, begin- 
ning about the year 1700, there came into existence an " upper 
ferry " to which there are numerous references in the Baltimore 
County Court Proceedings. It would appear that the Baltimore 
County end of this ferry was where Lapidum now is at the 
mouth of Rock Run. 



PULASKI'S LEGION. 

Richard Henry Spencer. 



Everything connected with the War of the Revolution is 
interesting to all Americans, but Pulaski's Legion, which fought 
over many a bravely contested battle-field, has a peculiar charm 
for Marylanders, for the intrepid commander himself called it 
" My legion, Maryland legion." 

The struggle of the thirteen colonies of North America in 
1776, for their independence from the mother country, brought 
to our shores many lovers of liberty and freedom, who offered 
their services to the United States, among them the gallant Poles 
Count Casimir Pulaski and Thaddeus Kosciuszko, just from 
their own struggles in defense of the liberties of their native 
land ; Baron von Steuben, Baron De Kalb, and the Marquis de 
La Fayette. They all came to our country to battle for the right 
and to aid us to gain our independence. Their military services 
are deeply enshrined in our hearts, and their names are forever 
linked with the land they helped to free. 

Casimir Pulaski was born in Podolia, Poland, March 4, 1748. 
the son of Count Joseph Pulaski, who in 1768 formed the cek 



ROLL OF Pulaski's legion. 215 

brated Confederation of Bar for the preservation of the liberties 
of Poland. In 1769 the young patriot joined his father and 
two brothers and enthusiastically participated in the national 
struggle against the despotism of King Stanislaus Augustus, 
but which finally resulted in the dismemberment of Poland. 
Being outlawed and deprived of his estates, he escaped to 
Turkey in 1772, and proceeded to France in 1775, where he 
made the acquaintance of Benjamin Franklin and offered his 
services to the cause of American Independence. Arriving in 
Philadelphia in the spring of 1777, he joined the army as a 
volunteer; distinguished himself at the Battle of the Brandy- 
wine, and four days later (September 15) was appointed by 
the Continental Congi-ess brigadier general and given command 
of the cavalry. He took part in the Battle of Germantown 
October 4, and in March, 1778, having resigned his command, 
in a letter to Congi-ess he suggested the formation of an inde- 
pendent corps, which was approved by General Washington. 

The Continental Congress, on March 28, 1778, after the letter 
from Count Casimir Pulaski had been read, passed the follow- 
ing resolution : 

'' Resolved. That Count Pulaski retain his rank of 
brigadier in the army ot the United States, and that 
he raise and have the command of an independent 
corps to consist of sixty-eight horse, and two hundred 
foot, the horse to be armed with lances, and the foot 
equipped in the manner of light infantry; the corps 
to be raised in such way and composed of such men 
as General Washington shall think expedient and 
proper, etc." ^ 

This corps was afterwards known as Pulaski's Legion, oflB- 
cered principally by foreigners, and which rendered important 
services in the War of the Eevolution, especially in the Southern 
campaigns. 

In April, 1778, General Pulaski came to Baltimore and 

^Jov/rnals of The Continental Congress, 1778, vol. x, p. 291. 



216 



MARYLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. 



opened a recruiting office, notice of which was duly published 
in The Maryland Jourml and Baltimore Advertiser, Tuesday, 
April 14,1778, as follows: . ^^^,,,,^ ,,,s. 

'^ Congress having resolved to raise a Corps, con- 
sisting of Infantry and Cavalry, to be commanded by 
General Count Pulaski, all those who desire to dis- 
tinguish themselves in the service of their country, 
are invited to enlist in that corps, which is established 
on the same principles as the Ex)man Legions were. The 
frequent opportunities which the nature of the service 
of that corps will offer to the enterprising, brave and 
vigilant soldiers, who shall serve in it, are motives 
which ought to influence those who are qualified lor 
admission into it, to prefer it to other corps not so 
inmiediately destined to harrass the enemy; and the 
many captures which will infallibly be ^lade ^st 
indemnify the Legionary soldiers for the hardships 
they must sustain, and the inconsiderable sum given 
for bounty, the term for their service being no longer 
than one year from the time that the corps shall be 
completed. Their dress is calculated to give a martial 
appearance, and to secure the soldier against the in- 
clemency of the weather and season. The time for 
action approaching, those, who desire to have an 
opportunity of distin^ishing themselves m tha 
corps, are requested to apply to Mr. de Sequid (de 
Sell), Captain of Pulaski's Legion, at Mrs. Boss's 



house." ^ 



Tn the months of April, May, Jme, and My, 17T8, the 
galtnt Pormainly orgUd and disciplined in Batamore an 

■ Mrs. Eos. boarding house occupied the upper ^^^^^ ^^^'^^^^^ 
deuee of Dr. John Stevenson on the ^^ "'"JJ^f^^:,,, ^u.j (no» 
SstrrwSe^trCr:: =.... stood hetore the .e.t 



fire of 1904. 



ROLL OF Pulaski's legion". 217 

independent corps of three companies of horse, armed with 
lances, and three companies of infantry, a total of three hun- 
dred and thirty, of which twenty-eight were from Pennsylvania, 
and about sixty-two more than was at first proposed. 

Just before the legion was ordered to the front, there was a 
review of it in Baltimore, according to the following item of 
news in The Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser, 
Tuesday, August 4, 1778 : 

"On Wednesday last (July 29th), the Hon. Gen- 
eral Count Pulaski, reviewed his Independent Legion 
in this Town. They made a martial appearance and 
performed many Manoeuvers in a Maimer that re- 
flected the highest Honour on both officers and pri- 
vates." 

Doubtless the beautiful crimson silk banner, embroidered by 
the fair hands of the Moravian single sisters of Bethlehem, Pa., 
and which had been presented to the legion two months before 
by the patriotic women of Baltimore, fluttered in the breeze 
from the upright lance on that midsummer day. 

According to the Diaries in the Moravian Archives at Beth- 
lehem, Pa., on " April 16, 1778, General Pulaski and Colonel 
Kobatsch (Kowatsch) attend the meeting this afternoon." And 
on " May 17. (Sunday), In the English morning service, there 
were present Samuel Adams, Delegate from Massachusetts and 
General Pulaski, with some members of his corps, in full dress 
uniform." ^ 

In a careful examination of all the diaries at Bethlehem there 
is not the slightest reference to the presentation of a banner, 
such as Longfellow narrates in his poem, to be found. 

It was during the interval between April 16 and May 17, 
that the banner was made. " Recent investigations go to show 
that the General, on visiting the Sisters' House, saw their 
beautiful embroidery and that he then ordered them to prepare 

* The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. xirr, pp. 
82-83 (1889). 



218 MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. 

a small cavalry banner for his legion and that the whole trans- 
action was a simple business one." "* 

In Longfellow's Complete Poetical Worhs, 1893, edited by 
Horace E. Scudder, in a note to the Hiymn of the Moravian 
Nuns, at the consecration of Pulaski's Banner, the editor says: 
" The historic facts in regard to the banner appear to be that 
Pulaski ordered it of the Moravian sisters at Bethlehem, who 
helped to support their house by needlework." 

On September 30, 1778, by a resolution in Congress, General 
Pulaski, with his legion, was directed to repair to Princeton 
to wait the orders of General Washington, or the commanding 
oflScer in New Jersey. 

On October 15, while on the march to Little Egg Harbor, 
N. J., the enemy attacked the " corps, with 400 Men, at 3 
o'clock, A. M., and after a smart Conflict were repulsed and 
pursued, with considerable loss on the side of the Enemy — and 
that the Count's Loss was estimated at about 30 Men Killed, 
Wounded and Missing: amongst the former were Lieut. Col. 
Baron de Bose and Lieut, de la Borderie." ^ 

In Eebruary, 1779, Pulaski was ordered to South Carolina, 
and later, in the same year he commanded the American and 
French cavalry at the siege of Savannah and during the attack 
of October 9, was mortally wounded. Captain Paul Bentalou, 
one of his officers, was by his side and although himself 
wounded, attended him until he died two days later on board 
the United States brig, the Wasp, on her way to Charleston, 
S. C, when his body was reluctantly consigned to a watery 
grave.® 

The banner of the legion was most probably used during the 
rest of the war, as the survivors of the legion were incorporated 

* Permsylvcmia Archives, 2d Series, vol, xr, p. 153 (1880). 

• The Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser, Tuesday, October 27, 
1778. 

'Pulaski Vindicated, etc., by Paul Bentalou (anonymous), p. 30 (1824) ; 
also. History of Georgia, by Charles C. Jones, Jr., LL. D., vol. n, p. 403 
(1883). 



BOLL OF Pulaski's legion. 219 

by a resolution of Congress Febrnarj 23, 1780, with the corpg 
of Colonel Armand, the Marquis de la Rouerie. 

Captain (afterwards Colonel) Bentalou, on retiring from the 
army, took the banner home with him to Baltimore, together 
with a lancer's spear and Pulaski's sword cross belt, which had 
been bequeathed to him by Pulaski just before he died. 

For forty-five years he preserved the banner, as he says, " as 
a holy and glorious inheritance, as a precious relic," but on the 
memorable visit of General La Fayette to Baltimore, October 
7-11, 1824, it was carried by the Forsyth Company of Volun- 
teers, Captain John F. Hoss, attached to the Second Regiment 
of Maryland Riflemen, on the day of the review of the citizen 
soldiers of Baltimore by the nation's guest."^ After the review 
it was deposited in the Baltimore Museum, where it remained 
for twenty years. The ownership of the Museum passed 
through various hands, but soon after it came into the possession 
of Mr. Edmund Peale it was presented by him March 6, 1845, 
through Mr. Brantz Mayer, corresponding secretary, to The 
Maryland Historical Society. 

Colonel Paul Bentalou, who was Captain of the First Troop 
of Dragoons, in a pamphlet published by him in Baltimore, a 
few months before his death December 10, 1826, entitled 
" Reply to Judge Johnson's Remarlcs, etc.. Relating to Count 
Pulaski/' page 39, in possession of The Maryland Historical 
Society, in referring to the banner says: "It was deposited 
in the Baltimore Museum as ' a relick of old days,' interesting 
to Baltimore at least, which, when a village, had been the cradle 
of the legion, and whose women, with a touch of patriotism, 
had caused this standard to be made and presented to the young 
corps/' 

The poet Longfellow has thrown around this banner such a 
glamour of romance and beauty, that it is to be regretted that 
it is lacking in historic truth. Including such historical writers 
as Lossing, Scharf, and others, everyone has been misled by 
Longfellow's poem written by him in 1825, before 1^ was 19 

' Federal Gazette and Baltimore Daily Advertiser, October 8, 1824. 



220 MARYLAND HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. 

years of age, and one year before Bentalou's pamphlet appeared, 
in thinking that the banner was not only embroidered by the 
Moravian single sisters (they were not nuns) of Bethlehem, 
Pa., but also had been presented by them to Pulaski's Legion. 

Baltimore has honored the name of Colonel Bentalou, 
Pulaski's friend and fellow soldier, a man of the very highest 
character and reputation, and who was United States Marshal 
for Maryland at the time of his death in 1826, at the age of 
91, by naming a street after him in the western part of the city. 
A noble, brave, and venerable soldier, who long survived his 
old commander, but who never forgot him. 

In a letter to the Council of Maryland, dated Annapolis, the 
10th April 1779, Count Pulaski writes : " I Came down to 
have the honour of presenting my Compliments to you ; in the 
meantime call for your assistance in my recruiting. — I clame 
Gentelmen for your steem and amity, calling my legion, Mary- 
land legion I'll endeavor myself to have that name forever hon- 
oured by our friends and respected by our enemies, and that 
way reach to the glory whom I and my officers are found off." ^ 

The banner is associated with the thoughts and handiwork of 
the Moravian single sisters of Bethlehem ; the inspired hymn 
of a youthful poet ; the patriotic gift of Baltimore women, whose 
sons doubtless were members of the corps ; the romantic valor 
of the commander of the legion and the heroism of soldiers who 
died for the cause of liberty and freedom. 

ROLL OP PITLASKPS LEGION. 
Officers. 

Count Casimir Pulaski Brigadier General. 

Appointed by the Continental Congress, April 18, 1778. 

Michael de Kowatz (Kowatsch) Colonel Commandant. 

Count Julius de Mountford Major. 

John de Zielinski » Captain Lancers. 

* Maryland Archives, vol. xxi, p. 34. 

'Jowrnals of the Continental Congress, Vol. x, p. 364. 



ROLL OF PULASKIS LEGION. 



221 



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Infantry. 



Appointed by the Continental Congress, October 5, 1778. 

Charles Baron de Bose Lieutenant Colonel. 

Peter (Paul) Bentalou Captain Dragoons. 

Henry Bedkin 

Jerome Le Brun de Bellecour 

James Chevalier de Segond 

Frederick Paschke 

Joseph Baldesqui, (Paymaster) 

William Palmer 

John Seydelin 

James de Bronville 

Francois de Roth 

John Stey 

Francois Antoine de Troye 

William Welch 

Joseph de la Borderie 

George Elton 

Adam Melchoir ^^ 



Lieutenant 

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Infantry. 

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Appointed by the Continental Congress, December 10, 1778. 

Count Kolkowski Captain. 

(Served with Pulaski in Poland). 
Charles Frederick Bedauls ^^ Lieutenant Colonel. 

Appointed by the Continental Congress, February 1779. 

Gerard de St Elme Brevet Major. 

Louis Celeron Major. 

Mons. Verney ^^ " 

Appointed by the Continental Congress, March 1, 1779. 

Mons. 0':N"eill Captain Infantry. 

Baptiste Verdier Lieutenant. 



^' A list of the commissions issued, in the handwriting of Richard Peters, 
is in the Papers of the Conitinental Congress, No. 59, Vol. n, folio 123. 
Joxj/mals of the Continental Congress, Vol. xm, p. 981. 

^Jou/rnals of the Continental Congress, Vol. xu, p. 1210. 

^Journals of the Continental Congress, Vol. xrn, pp. 143, 215, 238. 



222 MAEYLATTD HISTOEICAX MAGAZINE. 

Mons. Beaulieii Lieutenant. . 

Mons. Kerlevan " 

Mons. la Close ^^ " 

Baron Charles de Frej ^^ Captain. 

A Captain Baitting or Bailling of Pulaski's Legion is men- 
tioned in the Council Correspondence, May 5, 1778.^^ 

Privates. 

Recruits enlisted in Pulaski's Legion in Baltimore. 

Edward Donnelly enlisted April 10, 1778 

William Rolph " " 22, " 

Henry Kent " " " " 

Roger Owings " " 27, " 

John Collins " " 28, " 

Bryan Dallam " " 

John Cain " May 4, " 

William Herlity " " 6, " 

John Price " " " " 

mcholas Ryland " " 8, " 

Thomas Bond " " " " 

Peter l^eguire " " " " 

Thomas Hoult " " 9, " 

Charles Daemon " " 10, " 

James Carter " " " " 

Philip Beatty " " 11, " 

John Tedford " " 12, " 

William Trugard (deserted) " " 22, " 

Benjamin Prior " July 1779 

Notley Tippett " 

Joseph Smith 16 " " " 



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Journals of the Continental Congress, Vol. xm, p, 263. 
^Journals of the Continental Congress, Vol. xv, p. 1139. 
* Maryland Archives, Vol. xxi, pp. 67, 90, 111. 

Maryla/nd Archives, Vol. 18, pp. 592-593. 



i« 



EOLL OF PULASKI S LEGION. 



223 



John Hooper enlisted 

James Murray ^"^ " 



1YY8 



" A return of the Men belonging to the State of Maryland, 
who served in the First Partisan Legion commanded by Briga- 
dier General Armand de la Rouerie, discharged November 15, 
1783. 



William Seth (Sergeant) enlisted 1778. 

Edward Donnelly " 1779. 

Peter Teams *« " 1778." 



Edward Donnelly was formerly a member of Pulaski's 
Legion, and most probably the other two were also. 

First Troop ? Dragoons Pulaski's Legion, commanded by late 
Lieutenant Beaulieu, JSTovember 1779. 

Earnest Stears enlisted March 12, 1778. 

Ebenezer Riggins 

Andrew George 

Ellias Nowell 

Jeremie Hoppe 

John Shaw 

Patrick Skirt 

Basile Wheler 

Robert James 

John Lealand 

John Lautherback 

Andrew McCowen 

Andrew Oilman 

Joseph Philips 

Isaac Rollins 

Hugh Fitz Patrick 

Adam Krauser 

George Ox 

Philip Frederick 



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^'' Joitmals of the Continental Congress, Vol. xrr, p. 916. 
^ Maryla/nd Archives, Vol. 18, p. 594. 



224 MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. 

Godfreid Hesse enlisted Sept. 10, 1778. 

Christian Dearling " January 2, 1779. 

Gaspard Murson " August 28, " 

Joseph Horton " " " 

Joseph Fitz Patrick i» " " " " 

Muster Roll of the Second Troop of Light Dragoons Pulaski's 

Legion, Captain Zielinski, (deceased), now commanded by 

Captain Le Brun de Bellecour. 

Francis Frainemaker (Sergeant) . . . .enlisted March 12, 1778. 

Joseph Snyder (Corporal) " " " 

Martin Miller " (Penn.) . . " " " 

Joseph Sack (Trumpeter) " " 20, " 

Christian Dilman " May 8, " 

Deobert Coop " September 1, " 

John Skoop " " " " 

Henry Skoop " " " " 

Ludwic Leave " April 6, " 

Martin Hatkinson " " 13, " 

John Poland " May 2, " 

Ludwic Spoor (Sergeant) " June 11, " 

George Thomson " " 15,1779. 

JohnFerell " " " " 

John Shee " July 1, " 

Ludwic Begerhoff " " " " 

Godfreid Hesse " " " " 

Cornelius Love " IN'ovember 28, " 

Mcolas Masson " " " " 

John Hamilton ^^ ("Waggoner). 

Roll of First Partisan Legion, commanded by Colonel Armand, 
Marquis de la Rouerie, July 1782. 

Second Troop. 

Henry Bedkin, Captain, formerly of Pulaski's Legion. 
Baptiste Verdier, Lieutenant, " " " " 

^Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, U. S. Rev. 

'^Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, U. S. Rev., November, 1779. 



ROLL OF Pulaski's legion. 225 

Privates. 
Henry Bodwin, Maryland. 

Edward Donnelly, " formerly of Pulaski's Legion. 

Joseph ToUett, " 

Third Troop. 

Le Bran de Bellecour, Captain, formerly of Pulaski's Legion. 

La Hoye de Couterie, Lieutenant. 

William Murdoch, Cornet. 

Samuel Emerie, Maryland, Sergeant. 

James Logman, " Corporal. 

William Sept. " " 

Privates. 

William Bowman. Maryland. 

John Brown. " 

Thomas Brown. " 

Joseph Butler. " 

Robert Handwood. " 

Joseph Higdon. " 

Peter Limer (Waggoner). " 

Bazil Lowe. " 

Matthias Murray. " 

Elisha Steele. " 

John Steele. " 

John Steel. " 

John Thompson. ^^ " 

!N"oTE. — These Marylanders in the Second and Third Troop 
were doubtless former members of Pulaski's Legion. The Con- 
tinental Congress, on February 23, 1780, passed the following 
resolution : " Resolved, That the remains of the legion of the 
late Count Pulaski be incorporated with the corps of Colonel 
Armand, Marquis de la Rouerie, etc." . -^ 

From that date Pulaski's Legion ceased to exist, nearly all 
of its members having been either killed or wounded in defense 

"■Pennsylvania Archives, 2nd Series, Vol. xi, pp. 142-150 (1880). 



226 



MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. 



of the liberties of mankind. There are no ofl&cers or privates 
in the First, Fourth, Fifth or Sixth Troop of Armand's First 
Partisan Legion, mentioned as from Maryland, in July 1782. 

Pennsylvanians in Pulaski's Legion. 

Henry Bedkin, Captain. 
John Shrader, Quartermaster. 
Richard Laird, Sergeant. 

Privates. 



Isaac Andrew. 
John Bentley. 
Thomas Bond. 
Frederich Boyer. 
Richard Cheney. 
Frederich Cook. 
William Coram. 
William Furnshield. 
Joseph Fogg. 
William Formshell. 
Joseph Gale. 
Benjamin Johnston. 

John Shuler 



Martin Miller. 
Peter Miller. 
John Mver. 
James Rolls. 
Frederich Ruger. 
Edward Smith. 
John Smith (3rd). 
Peter Snyder. 
William Sommerlott. 
Henry Walker. 
George Ziegler. 
George Yohe. 
(Teamster). 22 



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Pennsylvania Archives, 2nd Series, Vol. xi, pp. 155-156 (1880). 



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